When citing information from an interview, make it clear who the interviewee (the person being interviewed) was. The author is usually the interviewer’s (or publishing company’s) name. Was it an online video? An online article? A podcast? Whatever the medium (video, article, podcast, etc.), create a citation as you would normally for that medium. To cite an online interview, you need to know what format the interview is in. If the lecture has been recorded and is available online, it must be included in the reference sheet and is no longer considered a form of personal communication. Reference list entry structure & example: If it is required to cite the lecture in the reference sheet, the entry needs to include the same information. Espinoza, personal communication, April 30, 2019) (Professor’s first initial and last name, personal communication, date of lecture in Month Day, Year format) An in-text citation should be made indicating that the information or quote was obtained through personal communication, the date it was retrieved, and the professor’s name. Therefore, it does not need to be included on your reference sheet according to APA guidelines. Unless the lecture has been recorded and published, notes and quotes collected from a lecture are considered forms of personal communication.
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Solution #2: How to cite a professor’s lecture you attended in-person in APA Washington, personal communication, December 10, 2021) (Email writer’s first initial and last name, personal communication, date message was received in Month Day, Year format) An in-text citation should be made indicating that it was obtained through personal communication, including the person’s name and the date that the communication happened. Since they are unpublished and cannot be accessed by anyone else, they should not be included on the reference sheet. Personal emails or text messages are considered forms of personal communication. Troubleshooting Solution #1: How to cite a text message or personal email in APA If you would like to include a personal interview as part of your APA reference list, then include the interviewee, the date of the interview, and the type of interview. Smith, personal communication, May 17, 2008).Īny personal interview conducted via the following methods (and that are unpublished) can be considered personal communication: Instead, a personal interview should be referenced as a parenthetical citation. As a personal interview is not published or “findable,” it should not be included in an APA reference list. Radio interview recording in a digital archiveĪPA reference lists only include works that can be found by the reader.Interview published as an online article.Here’s a run-through of everything this page includes: Whether it be in the form of a video or an online article, this helpful guide will show you how to cite interviews for your APA-style research paper. Interviews can be a extremely useful sources of information on almost any topic.
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